Project:
A Volcanic Plume Dispersion Monitoring and Prediction Capability
State: Hawaii
Sponsoring Program: Solid Earth & Natural Hazards/Pacific
Disaster Ct.
Affiliation: University of Hawaii Manoa, NOAA/ERL
Principal Investigator: Businger,
Steven
URL: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/porter
Description:
To mitigate the impact of post-eruptive plumes of volcanic aerosol
on respiratory health and volcanic ash on aviation interests, we
will develop the capability to monitor and predict the dispersion
of volcanic plumes of aerosol and ash using a combination of satellite
remote sensing and numerical trajectory and dispersion model approaches.
Strategic Importance:
- Project
will enhance the capability of Federal/State Agencies to predict
serious vog episodes to mitigate aviation hazards and allow susceptible
citizens to better prepare.
- Project
will supply the PDC and health and disaster managers with satellite
data and probability dispersion forecasts following volcanic episodes.
Anticipated
Benefits:
Provide satellite data and model products of horizontal and vertical
pollutant distributions as well as the probability that a specified
pollutant concentration level will be exceeded at a location and
time in the future.
Project:
Analysis of Volcanotectonics Deformation and Volcanic Hazards using
Topographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (TOPSAR) and SRTM, Mono Basin,
California-Nevada
State: New York
Sponsoring Program: Solid Earth & Natural Hazards99
Affiliation: SUNY Buffalo
Principal Investigator: Bursik,
Marcus
Description: Low to high precision measurements of deformed
shorelines, coupled with dating by volcanic ash to understand the
relationship between basin warping and volcanism.
Strategic Importance:
- Improve
eruption forecasting for the most explosive volcanoes in our most
populous state
- Gain
new insight into the links between eruption and earthquakes
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Potential
to save lives/property during future eruptions
- Potential
to apply techniques from Long Valley/Mono Craters region to other
regions of the world
Project:
Application of Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)Data to Volcanic
Hazard Mitigation
State: Michigan
Sponsoring Program: Solid Earth & Natural Hazards97
Affiliation: Michigan Technological University
Principal Investigator: Bluth,
Gregg
Description:
Development and analysis of complete Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
(TOMS) database from 1979 - present, using Nimbus, Meteor, ADEOS,
and Earth probe sensors.
Anticipated Benefits:
- Prediction
of atmospheric impact by global-scale volcanism
- Predicting
fates of volcanic gas clouds
- Improve
retrieval capabilities of ash and gas cloud mixes
Project:
Development of an LI-Phase GPS Volcano Monitoring System
State: Colorado
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: UCAR UNAVCO, University of Miami, USGS
Principal Investigator: Meertens,
Chuck
Description:
- Develop
an inexpensive, low-power single-frequency GPS crustal deformation
and atmospheric measurement system
- Deploy
and operate these systems in networks at several volcanoes
- Test
and implement state-of-the-art radio and satellite communications
and data management techniques
- Investigate
volcanic processes
Strategic
Importance:
The technologies developed in this project allow investigators to
make detailed observations of volcanic, earthquake, oceanic, and
atmospheric processes.
Anticipated Benefits:
Field
Investigations Directly Supported By This Project:
- Popocateptl
Volcano, Mexico 4 sites installed (4 planned 2000) [with Univ.
Miami, Univ. Nacional de Mexcio)
- Mauna
loa and Kilauea Volcanoes, Hawaii 12 (5) [U.S. Geological Survey]
- Mt.
Erebus Volcano, Antarctica, 2 (2) [New Mexico Inst. of Mining
& Technology]
- Arenal
Volcano, Costa Rica (6 planned 2000 with VSAT Communications)
[Univ. Miami, U.C. Santa Cruz, OVSICORI-UNA, Costa Rica]
Other
Projects using this L1-system:
- Long
Valley Caldera (demonstration)[U.S. Geological Survey]
- Taal
Volcano , Philippines 12 [Indiana Univ., PHIVOLCS, Philippines]
- Hayward
Fault, California 2 (2) [U. C. Berkeley]
- Oklahoma
Atmospheric Tomography 14 (9) [UCAR, DOE]
- Tide
Gauge Monitoring DIVE 2 (2) [C. Wash. Univ.]
Project:
Eruption Dynamics of Etna Volcano
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: JPL, IRECE-CNR, Istituto Int'l di Vulcanologia
Principal Investigator: Lundgren,
Paul
Description:
Volcanic eruptions pose a major hazard to millions of people worldwide.
Surface deformation is an important measure of the eruptive potential
of a volcano and the dynamics of its plumbing system. Etna volcano
(Italy) is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and a prime
test case.
Strategic Importance:
- Develop
inverse methods for analyzing volcano deformation derived from
radar interferometry.
- Quantify
the criteria for successfully monitoring volcano deformation with
satellite radar systems.
Anticipated
Benefits:
-
Understand the dynamics of the volcano system.
- Demonstrate
the ability of InSAR to measure volcano deformation through time.
- Demonstrate
the potential for a future NASA radar mission
Project:
GPS Measurement of Crustal Deformation
State: Indiana
Sponsoring Program: NSF
Affiliation: Indiana University, UNCAR/UNAVCO
Principal Investigator: Hamburger,
Michael
Description:
Deployment and testing of a new, state-of-the-art GPS volcano monitoring
system around Taal Volcano, Luzon, Philippines.
Strategic Importance:
- Develop
new, low-cost system for volcano monitoring
- Improved
understanding of magma movement in active volcanic systems
- Potential
application for short-term prediction of volcanic eruptions
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Establish
and operate a 3 station dual-frequency continuous GPS network
at Taal
- Establish
a 12-station single-frequency GPS network
- Develop
near-real-time data analysis methods for high-precision single-frequency
GPS networks
Project:
GPS Monitoring of Costa Rican Volcanoes in Different Eruptive Stages
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: UC Santa Cruz
Principal Investigator: Schwartz,
Susan
Project:
INSAR as a Tool for Anticipating Large Volcanic Eruptions: Prospecting
for Deep Magma Reservoirs
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: USGS
Principal Investigator: Dzurisin,
Daniel
Description:
Identify hazardous volcanoes where magma is accumulating relatively
deep within the Earth by using synthetic aperture radar interferometry
(INSAR) to map subtle ground-surface deformation
Principal
Tasks:
- Identify
deforming volcanoes at selected sites in the western US, Central
America, and Philippines
- Develop
numerical models of ground deformation to study its causes and
assess the implications for volcano hazards
Strategic
Importance:
- Many
of the world's most dangerous volcanoes are not adequately monitored.
INSAR provides global coverage and has been shown to be an effective
remote sensing tool for volcanoes
- Although
eruptions are local phenomena, their effects are sometimes global.
Commercial aircraft of all nations are at risk from volcanic ash
clouds
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Longer
lead times for intensive monitoring, contingency planning, and
warnings of hazardous volcanic eruptions
- Demonstrate
importance of satellite radar interferometry missions for volcano
monitoring and natural hazards mitigation
Project:
Mitigating Volcanic Hazards in Mexico
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: JPL
Principal Investigator: Abrams,
Michael
Project:
Monitoring of Volcanogenic CO2-Induced Tree Kills at Mammoth Mountain,
California
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: California State University Sacramento
Principal Investigator: Hausback,
Brian
Project:
Monitoring the Hazards of Silicic Volcanoes with Remote Sensing
State: Arizona
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: Arizona State University, JPL
Principal Investigator: Fink,
Jonathan
Description:
Estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of volcanic lava
textures related to gas content and explosivity of eruptions These
observations can be used to estimate the renewal of activity and
hazards associated with explosive volcanism. The data will also
be used to calibrate the spaceborne ASTER instrument.
Strategic Importance:
- Expand
scientific knowledge of the Earth system using NASA's unique capabilities
from the vantage points of space, aircraft, and in-situ platforms
- Disseminate
information about the Earth system and natural hazards
Anticipated
Benefits:
- A
robust observational tool with anticipated hazard mitigation for
active volcanism globally
- Remote
hazards monitoring lowers risk to observers
Project:
Monitoring the Hazards of Silicic Volcanoes with Remote Sensing:
Pac Rim II Proposal for MASTER and AIRSAR Data over Unzen Volcano,
Japan
State: Arizona
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Arizona State University
Principal Investigator: Ramsey,
Michael
Description:
Collect airborne remote sensing data sets to evaluate recently-developed
surface textural models. These can be used to estimate the renewal
of activity and hazards associated with explosive volcanism. The
data will also be used to calibrate the spaceborne ASTER instrument.
Collect field GPS/sample data during flights Process data and produce
surface maps Correlate results with ASTER data from Unzen as well
as other recently-active sites
Strategic Importance:
Expand scientific knowledge of the Earth system using NASA's unique
capabilities from the vantage points of space, aircraft, and in-situ
platforms. Disseminate information about the Earth system and natural
hazards.
Anticipated Benefits:
A robust observational tool with anticipated hazard mitigation for
active volcanism globally
Project:
Post-eruption Hazards of Mt. Pinatubo, The Philippines
State: Hawaii
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: University of Hawaii Manoa
Principal Investigator: Mouginis-Mark,
Peter
URL: http://www.higp.hawaii.edu/~pmm/Pinatubo.html
Description:
Use multiple data sets to investigate the volcanic hazards associated
with the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
Analysis Approach:
- Map
mudflows using imaging radar data
- Quantify
topographic changes using TOPSAR
- Conduct
regional hazard assessment
- Perform
field work at Mt. Pinatubo and Taal
Strategic
Importance:
- First
long-term study of the natural hazards associated with the 1991
eruption of Mt. Pinatubo
- Multi-sensor
approach develops new methodologies for volcano studies, including
use of PacRim 2 data sets for temporal change research.
- Strong
collaboration with Filipino geologists at PHIVOLCS
Anticipated
Benefits:
Baseline knowledge of volcanic hazards that threaten millions of people
on Luzon Island will be developed using current remote sensing data.
Project: Real-Time Predictive Modeling of Hazards from Mauna
Loa Lava Flows
State: Hawaii
Sponsoring Program: SENH/PDC
Affiliation: Terra Systems Inc., Proxemy Res. Inc., USGS/HVO,
University of Hawaii
Principal Investigator: Gradie,
Jonathan
Description:
- Develop,
test and install at the Pacific Disaster Center (Maui) a real-time
predictive physical model of Mauna Loa (Hawaii) lava flows.
- Update
& refine parts of the topographic land model for the Mauna Loa
Volcano.
- Provide
12 hr, 24 hr, and multi-day predictions of flow dimensions, advance
rates and directions.
Strategic
Importance:
- Develop
and apply NASA technology to improve our understanding of the
dynamics of the solid earth with emphasis on methods for analyzing
digital topography for mass movement hazards predicition.
- Disseminate
NASA technology in ways that are important to society, especially
in the assessment and mitigation of natural hazards.
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Real-time
predictive modeling of lava flow dynamics on Mauna Loa with applicability
to other volcanoes including lahars, debris flows, and mudflows.
- Provide
the Pacific Disaster Center with the quantitative tools and training
needed for assisting Civil Defense authorities in emergency situations.
- Demonstrate
that NASA science and technology from both Earth and Space Sciences
can be used for important and practical applications.
Project:
Remote Sensing Flight for Volcanic Hazards Assessment, Baja, CA,
Mexico
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: Caltech, JPL, CSU Sarcramento, CICESE Mexico
Principal Investigator: Stock,
Joann
Description:
Use airborne remote sensing data (visible and infrared) to map products
of young volcanic eruptions in two regions of Baja California.
Strategic Importance:
- Rapidly
map remote volcanic areas
- Integrate
airborne remote sensing data (MASTER) with satellite observations
(TM, SPOT)
Anticipated
Benefits:
Identification of volcanic hazards and thus reduce volcanic risk to
nearby populations and air traffic.
Project:
Remote Sensing of Dynamic Volcanic Processes
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH96
Affiliation: JPL
Principal Investigator: Realmuto,
Vincent
Description:
Study the dynamic processes of volcanic gas emission and lava
flow emplacement through the analysis of time-series data collected
with airborne remote sensing.
Data
acquired during aircraft deployments to Hawaii (1988, 1995, 1996),
and New Zealand (1996) were used in this investigation.
Anticipated Benefits: First 2-dimensional maps of the distribution
of SO2 in Hawaiian volcanic plumes. Manuscript published in Journal
of Geophysical Research (JGR).
First
use of AES data to study volcanic SO2 plumes in Hawaii and New Zealand.
Hawaii manuscript accepted for publication in JGR.
First
animation of the emplacement of Hawaiian lava flows using IR image
data. Video presented at American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting,
December, 1999.
Project: Space Geodetic Case Studies of Recent Volcanic
Events in Alaska
State:
Alaska
Sponsoring
Program: SENH97
Affiliation:
University of Alaska, USGS/EDC
Principal
Investigator: Freymueller,
Jeffrey
URL:
http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/Input/jeff
Description:
Examine four case studies of recent volcanic deformation events
in Alaska using space geodesy, principally InSAR. Volcanic Events
Studied:
- Okmok
1997 (eruption)
- Akutan
1996 (seismic swarm)
- Westdahl
1992-2000 (significant aseismic uplift)
- Pavlof
1996 (eruption)
- Katmai
1992-2000 (significant aseismic uplift)
Anticipated
Benefits:
- Increase
database of volcanic event case studies
-
Improve modeling techniques
- Validate
InSAR results with GPS
Project:
The Use of Digital Topographic Data for the Assessment of Volcanic
Hazards
State: Maryland
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: Proxemy Res. Inc.
Principal Investigator: Baloga,
Stephen
Description:
- Advance
understanding of lahar propagation
- Adapt
theoretical lahar models to operate on discrete DEMs
- Identify
DEM resolution requirements for effective lahar hazard prediction
Strategic
Importance:
Develop and apply NASA technology to improve our understanding of
the dynamics of the solid earth with emphasis on methods for analyzing
digital topography for mass movement hazards predicition.
Anticipated Benefits:
- Demonstrate
the usefulness of NASA topographic remote sensing developments
for the assessment of natural hazards.
- Disseminate
analysis methods to science community for use in predicting hazards
from lahars, mud flows, debris flows, and similar mass movements.
Project:
Topographic Monitoring Dynamics of Oceanic Islands and Ice-clad
Volcanoes
State: Maryland
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: NASA/GSFC
Principal Investigator: Garvin,
James
Project:
Topographic Monitoring of Mt. Ranier
State: Maryland
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: NASA/GSFC
Principal Investigator: Garvin,
James
Project:
Transport Regimes of Explosive Eruption Plumes in the North Pacific
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH97
Affiliation: JPL
Principal Investigator: Pieri,
David
Project:
Validation and Analysis of SRTM and VCL Data over Tropical Volcanoes
State: Hawaii
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: University of Hawaii Manoa
Principal Investigator: Mouginis-Mark,
Peter
URL: http://www.higp.hawaii.edu/~pmm/Pinatubo.html
Description:
- Study
volcanoes in Java and the Philippines using topographic data collected
by SRTM and VCL.
- Data
validation will use TOPSAR and Star-3i aircraft data sets for
Hawaii and E. Java
Strategic
Importance:
- Quantitative
validation of space-based topographic data using aircraft data
- Inter-comparison
of two space-based methods (radar interferometry and laser altimetry)
- Analysis
of Star-3i data obtained via NASA's Commercial Data Buy
- Basic
volcanological research in this very poorly studied part of the
world
Anticipated
Benefits:
First assessment of volcanic hazards in this remote part of the world.
Results will benefit both volcanology and disaster mitigation communities.
Project:
Volcanic Aerosol Sampling using Robotic Aircraft
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: JPL
Principal Investigator: Pieri,
David
Project:
Volcanic Hazard Products for the Pacific Data Center
State: California
Sponsoring Program: SENH/PDC
Affiliation: JPL, Michigan Tech University
Principal Investigator: Realmuto,
Vincent
Description:
- Provide
the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) with the siftware tools and
training necessary to monitor volcanic SO2 and sulfate aerosol
emissions with satellite data. Such emissions lead to the formation
of acidic volcanic fog (vog).
- Convert
scientific tools developed by the EOS Volcanology Team into operational
mapping tools for use at the PDC.
- Train
PDC personnel in the use of the software tools.
- Test
and verify the output of the mapping tools using MODIS data acquired
over Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii.
- Combine
mapping of the Kilauea gas and aerosol plumes with the mesoscale
wind forecast model plumes developed at the University of Hawaii.
Anticipated Benefits:
- Ability
to track vog from origins as volcanic So2 gas emissions to conversion
to sulfate aerosols and transport by regional wind patterns.
- Ability
to forecast vog hazards based on volcanic emissions and wind forecasts.
- Better
understanding of the conversion of SO2 gas to sulfate aerosols
in volcnic plumes.
Project:
Volcano Plume Monitoring using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
State: Florida
Sponsoring Program: SENH99
Affiliation: University of Miami
Principal Investigator: Dixon,
Jacqueline
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