The solid Earth is one of the fundamental components of the Earth system, and both influences and reacts to forcings from the oceans and atmosphere. Understanding the dynamics of the solid Earth is critical for developing an interconnected view of Earth science. The dynamics of the solid Earth are, in fact, quite varied: tectonic plates shifting, coasts eroding, and volcanic eruptions occur from geologic timescales to sudden, catastrophic moments. The manifestation of many of the solid Earth processes and the influences on the ocean and atmosphere are the cause of the most dangerous natural hazards we face. Investigating the behavior of the solid Earth and developing applications to mitigate natural hazards yield direct societal benefits.

Experiments conducted over the past decade have shown that it is possible to study the dynamics behavior of the Earth from space. Satellite-based measurements are among the most practical and cost-effective techniques for producing systematic data sets over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The combination of space-based and surface measurements has the potential to mitigate the hazards and manage the risks associated with natural disasters.

NASA-sponsored activities will contribute substantially to our understanding of the processes leading to natural hazards. NASA observations and analyses, integrated into ongoing hazards programs in federal, state, and international agencies, will reduce the loss of life and property through improved planning, improved response, and more efficient post-event recovery.